Glossary

POSIX
an acronym for “Portable Operating System Interface”, is a family of standards specified by the IEEE for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. POSIX defines the application programming interface (API), along with command line shells and utility interfaces, for software compatibility with variants of Unix and other operating systems.
Python

A widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible many other common languages. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale

For more information head over to http://www.python.org/ and once installed python can be run from the command line as such:

$ python

Or for executing a python file called, for example, mycode.py:

$ python mycode.py
Pip

A tool for installing and managing Python packages. Simply allows you to install and manage any Python packages that are available at https://pypi.python.org/ using the following syntax on the command line:

$ pip install six

The above command will automatically download and install the package called six. On some systems you may need to insert the sudo command to the begging of the pip command in order to have permissions to install the package.

Interpreter

A computer program that executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming language. An interpreter generally uses one of the following strategies for program execution: 1. parse the source code and perform its behavior directly 2. translate source code into some efficient intermediate representation and immediately execute this 3. explicitly execute stored precompiled code made by a compiler which is part of the interpreter system

While generally these are used on text files containing source code many interpreters feature a REPL.

REPL
A read–eval–print loop (REPL) is a simple, interactive computer programming environment. The user enters one or more expressions (rather than an entire compilation unit), which are then evaluated, and the results displayed. These provide a simple and easy way to learn a language and experiment with Snippets.
Snippets
A programming term for a small region of re-usable source code, machine code, or text. Ordinarily, these are formally-defined operative units to incorporate into larger programming modules. Snippets are often used to clarify the meaning of an otherwise “cluttered” function, or to minimize the use of repeated code that is common to other functions. The Snippets themselves may be either literal text, or written in a simple template language to allow substitutions, such as variable names. Snippets are a small-scale form of copy and paste programming.
OOP
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that represents concepts as “objects” that have data fields (attributes that describe the object) and associated procedures known as methods. Objects, which are usually instances of classes, are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs.
Templating
A programming feature (present in some statically typed languages) that allows generic code to be written that is designed to work with many data types. When a template is instantiated with a type then that type will take the role of a generic variable within the template code as if it where written to use that type. In languages that draw a distinction between the types, for example, of an array of strings versus an array of numbers, Templating can be used to write one function that can act on both
Namespace
In computer programming, namespaces are typically employed for the purpose of grouping symbols and identifiers around a particular functionality.
C/C++
In computing, C is a general-purpose programming language initially developed by Dennis Ritchie between 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs. C++, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs, was originally named C with Classes, adding object oriented features, such as classes, and other enhancements to the C programming language.